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Decarbonizing Maritime Transport: The Role of Alternative Fuels

Read | Sep 18, 2025

AUTHOR(s)

Deepmala Singh

Assistant Manager, Research, WNS Analytics

Saurabh Chandra

Senior Director, WNS Analytics

Tarang Goel

Group Manager, WNS Analytics

Why This Matters

Global shipping is under mounting pressure to decarbonize. With the IMO Net-zero Framework 2050 setting ambitious targets, the industry is facing a transformative change. Fuel choices are no longer only an operational concern; they are now central to regulatory compliance, competitiveness and long-term resilience.

This research paper by WNS Analytics explores the pivotal role of alternative fuels for shipping in driving sustainable change. It provides a comparative view of fuel options, including ammonia, hydrogen, methanol, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), biofuels and more, evaluating their viability, risks, costs and scalability. It also examines how regulatory frameworks and infrastructure readiness will shape adoption, and why a multi-criteria decision-making framework for shipping fuels is essential to balance economic, technical and environmental trade-offs.

What You’ll Learn

  • The drivers behind decarbonizing maritime transport and why no single solution fits all vessel types
  • Comparative insights into alternative fuels — their energy density, storage requirements, safety characteristics and environmental impact
  • Cost dynamics of alternative fuels and how regulatory compliance influences total adoption costs
  • The influence of IMO and EU regulations on market strategies and investment priorities
  • Emerging risks, insurance considerations and infrastructure challenges tied to fuel adoption

From Compliance to Competitiveness

For shipping companies, alternative fuels are not just a compliance mandate; they are a strategic lever for competitiveness in a decarbonizing world. Those who evaluate fuel pathways holistically and act early will be better positioned to meet regulatory targets, manage risk and capture future opportunities in global trade.