Karen was annoyed with herself. She had lost her phone charger on the subway. She was relieved to find a ‘100 percent original’ charger online with the assurance of same-day delivery. But her joy was short-lived. After a few months, the charger malfunctioned and she realized that she had unwittingly purchased a counterfeit product.
    
    According to OECD,1 the import of counterfeit and pirated goods, purchased by unwitting customers like
        Karen, amounts to half a trillion dollars per year. Online retail giants such as Amazon and Alibaba face an
        ongoing challenge in filtering counterfeit sellers from their sites. Fashion brand Chanel received USD 3 Million
        in an infringement lawsuit against 30 sellers on Amazon.2
    Apart from the dent in sales, for retailers, counterfeit products erode customer
        trust — something that they cannot afford to lose. For example, the Edelman Trust Barometer
        found that only 52 percent customers trust businesses to do what is right.3
    We believe that blockchain has the potential to help retailers build reliability, authenticity and dependability
        into their process, product and services to win customers’ trust, in this age of informed skepticism.
     
     Product Authenticity
 Product Authenticity
    
    Blockchain enables retailers to assure customers that the product they are paying for is not counterfeit.
        Retailers can authenticate and share information about the genesis of the product with customers, which is
        becoming increasingly important.
    For instance, French retailer Carrefour is using blockchain to share details about where its food products are
        sourced from with customers. By the end of 2018, the company is expecting to use blockchain to validate the
        source of food products such as honey, eggs, tomatoes and salmon.4
    Products sourced and manufactured in a socially responsible manner are becoming important to attract and retain
        customers. One study5 found that 84 percent of customers seek responsible products whenever possible.
        Nike was compelled to take a deeper look at the sub-contracted manufacturing units of its shoes amidst
        widespread boycotts from customers on the working conditions of the factories.6
    Retailers can leverage blockchain to win the loyalty of this emerging class of socially conscious customers. For
        example, Alpaca apparel creator Martine Jarlgaard partnered with the blockchain platform,
        Provenance,7 to provide customers with information on every step of the manufacturing process
        starting from shearing on the farm.8
     Service Dependability
 Service Dependability
    
    A 10 percent increase in customer satisfaction score results in 12 percent increase in trust from
        customers.9 With blockchain solutions, retailers can effectively manage critical customer touch
        points such as warranty management and loyalty programs to improve customer
            experience.
    For example, Warranteer is a blockchain application that allows customers to seek service on their products
        without requiring manual receipts, insurance papers or warranty documents.10 This is also a
        great way to ensure automated customer service.
    Loyalty programs are another important tool for retailers to attract and retain customers. According to one
        study, 76 percent of North American customers are likely to choose a retailer who offers loyalty
        programs.11
    A WNS DecisionPointTM loyalty engagement survey12 shows that more than 40 percent
        respondents subscribe to more than two loyalty programs. But certain challenges prevent customers from utilizing
        these programs effectively.
    Blockchain applications such as Loyyal13 offer retailers a more effective way to manage loyalty
        programs, while simultaneously reducing administrative and other associated costs.
    Blockchain can help customers enrolled with multiple loyalty programs to redeem the benefits on a single
        platform, and potentially increase the viability of these programs. Such a solution also makes it possible for
        retailers to band together different loyalty programs.
     Process Reliability
 Process Reliability
    
    Two concurrent trends have taken shape over the past few years. Customers have become less patient, and expect
        the delivery of products and services within a short period. Retailers, on the other hand, have been competing
        with each other to improve product availability and delivery time. However, unless the assurance of short
        delivery time is kept, it may result in loss of customer trust.
    For example, the holiday season in the U.S. witnesses grievances from several customers due to delay in
        deliveries, while retailers struggle to manage the high volume.14 Returns and wrong delivery add
        to the complexity. Blockchain can help retailers solve several complexities in the supply chain that result in
        higher costs and poor service.
    With blockchain, all stakeholders of the supply chain can engage in decentralized communication, and reduce paper
        work and process delays.
    Further, blockchain improves traceability and authenticity which is a significant challenge for retailers. For
        example, a fire mishap in a Bangladesh factory led to the discovery that it had subcontracted work for Walmart,
        not authorized by the retailer.15
    Blockchain gives retailers the much required control and visibility over their supply chain. This is critical
        even from a customer acquisition perspective. According to the Global Survey on Internet Security and
        Trust,16 82 percent of respondents said that where a product is made effects their buying
        decision.
    Subscription-based models are also being used increasingly by online retailers, promising customers a better
        level of service such as shorter delivery time. With higher reliability of the supply chain process, enabled by
        blockchain, retailers can maintain the implicit psychological contract with the customers and thereby trust.
     Preparing for Blockchain
 Preparing for Blockchain
    
    While blockchain as a technology is still at a nascent stage, organizations should start laying the ground for
        full-scale adoption in the near future. As the technology matures, organizations will go through a learning
        curve. The successful implementation of blockchain in retail will hinge on:
    
        
            - 
                Shared understanding of the technology: Building a common understanding of
                    blockchain across all functions and key suppliers is the first critical step in organizational
                    preparedness. It will be equally important to make blockchain an organization-wide agenda instead of
                    it being just an IT project 
- 
                Identifying opportunity areas: Outlining business areas where blockchain
                    can create the biggest impact will be critical followed by defining business outcomes that need to
                    be driven. Supply chain and product source traceability are already some of the focus areas for
                    retailers 
- 
                Experiment and scale: Creating pilots with defined success metrics is an
                    advisable starting point for retailers before fullscale adoption of blockchain. Pilots will also
                    help assess the organization’s readiness in various areas. A holistic view is necessary to
                    understand the interplay between blockchain and technologies such as Internet of Things before full
                    scale-up 
 
    The complexities in the retail industry have significantly increased due to stiff competition, technology
        disruption, changing business models and the evolving value system of customers. Customer acquisition and
        retention have become challenging outcomes to drive for the industry.
    Hence, maintaining the trust of customers, which impacts their loyalty, has become all the more important in this
        context. Blockchain is the technology that will enable retailers to both win and keep that trust.